About 830 million people worldwide have diabetes, the majority living in low-and middle-income countries.  Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone’s effects.  

Current research shows a relevant connection between the gut microbiota and managing blood sugar levels. Understanding this can help control better the glucose levels. Here are some of the primary reasons:

1. Improving insulin sensitivity 

A healthy gut microbiome generates short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are byproducts of fiber fermentation. SCFAs improve insulin sensitivity by reducing inflammation and better regulating the cellular energy balance. 

2. The gut-brain axis 

Gut microbes interact with the brain via the gut-brain axis, influencing hunger, satiety, and energy expenditure. This connection plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and glucose levels by affecting hormones like GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), which is essential for glucose metabolism. 

3. Preventing “leaky-gut” 

A compromised gut lining, commonly known as “leaky gut,” permits toxins and harmful bacteria to enter the bloodstream. This can trigger systemic inflammation, which negatively affects insulin sensitivity. Maintaining a balanced gut microbiome helps strengthen the intestinal barrier, thus reducing this risk. 

4. Modulating the immune system 

Dysbiosis, or an imbalance of gut bacteria, can trigger immune responses that cause chronic inflammation, a significant factor in insulin resistance. A diverse gut microbiome helps regulate this immune activity, promoting better metabolic health. 

Individuals with type 2 diabetes often have reduced microbial diversity and a lower amount of beneficial bacteria. In contrast, diets that are high in prebiotics, probiotics, and fiber have been shown to restore microbial balance and enhance glucose control. 

As scientific understanding of the microbiome grows, solutions such as targeted probiotics and personalized nutrition are becoming increasingly viable. DARWIN can be your partner to develop them. Contact us today to find out how.